One of the two most publicized threats to security is the intruder (the other is viruses), often referred to as a hacker or cracker. In an important early study of intrusion, identified three classes of intruders:

•Masquerader:
An individual who is not authorized to use the computer and
who penetrates a system’s access controls to exploit a legitimate user’s account
•Misfeasor:
A legitimate user who accesses data, programs, or resources for
which such access is not authorized, or who is authorized for such access but
misuses his or her privileges
•Clandestine user:
An individual who seizes supervisory control of the system
and uses this control to evade auditing and access controls or to suppress audit
collection

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