Types of OS

Types of OS

Modern computer operating systems may be classified into three groups, which are distinguished

by the nature of interaction that takes place between the computer user and his or her program

during its processing. The three groups are called batch, time-shared and real time operating

systems.

Batch processing operating systems:

In a batch processing operating system environment, users submit jobs to a central place where

these jobs are collected into a batch, and subsequently placed on an input queue at the computer

where they will be run. In this case, the user has no interaction with the job during its processing,

and the computer’s response time is the turnaround time-the time from submission of the job until

execution is complete, and the results are ready for return to the person who submitted the job.

Time Sharing Operating systems:

Another mode for delivering computing services is provided by time sharing operating systems.

In this environment a computer provides computing services to several or many users

concurrently on-line. Here, the various users are sharing the central processor, the memory, and

other resources of the computer system in a manner facilitated, controlled, and monitored by the

operating system. The user, in this environment, has nearly full interaction with the program

during its execution, and the computer’s response time may be expected to be no more than a

few second.

Real time Operating Systems:

real time operating systems, are designed to service those applications where response time is of the essence in order to prevent error, misrepresentation or even disaster. Examples of real time operating systems are those, which handle airlines reservations, machine tool control, and monitoring of a nuclear power station. The systems, in this case, are designed to be interrupted by external signal that require the immediate attention of the computer system.

are designed to respond to an event within a predetermined time. These operating systems are used to control processes. Processing is done within a time constraint. OS monitors the events that affect the execution of process and respond accordingly. They are used to respond to queries in areas like medical imaging system, industrial control systems etc. LynxOS is an example of real time OS.

In fact, many computer operating systems are hybrids, providing for more than one of these types

of computing service simultaneously. It is especially common to have a background batch system

running in conjunction with one of the other two on the same computer.

A number of other definitions are important to gaining an understanding of operating systems:

A multiprogramming operating system is a system that allows more than one active user

program (or part of user program) to be stored in main memory simultaneously. Thus, it is evident

that a time-sharing system is a multiprogramming system, but note that a multiprogramming

system is not necessarily a time-sharing system. A batch or real time operating system could, and

indeed usually does, have more than one active user program simultaneously in main storage.

Multiprocessing system:

Another important, and all too similar, term is ‘multiprocessing’.

A multiprocessing system is a computer hardware configuration that includes more than one

independent processing unit. The term multiprocessing is generally used to refer to large

computer hardware complexes found in major scientific or commercial applications.

have two or more processors for a single running process. Processing takes place in parallel and is also called parallel processing. Each processor works on different parts of the same task, or, on two or more different tasks. Since execution takes place in parallel, they are used for high speed execution, and to increase the power of computer. Linux, UNIX and Windows 7 are examples of multiprocessing OS

Networked Operating System:

A networked computing system is a collection of physical interconnected computers. The

operating system of each of the interconnected computers must contain, in addition to its own

stand-alone functionality, provisions for handing communication

Embedded OS:

is embedded in a device in the ROM. They are specific to a device and are less resource intensive. They are used in appliances like microwaves, washing machines, traffic control systems etc.

Distributed Operating System.

 Distributed Means Data is Stored and Processed on Multiple Locations. When a Data is stored on to the Multiple Computers, those are placed in Different Locations. Distributed means In the Network, Network Collections of Computers are connected with Each other.

 

Then if we want to Take Some Data From other Computer, Then we uses the Distributed Processing System. And we can also Insert and Remove the Data from out Location to another Location. In this Data is shared between many users. And we can also Access all the Input and Output Devices are also accessed by Multiple Users.

List of the different types of operating systems and a few examples of Operating

Systems that fall into each of the categories. Many computer Operating Systems will fall into

more then one of the below categories.

GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons

and is commonly navigated using by using a computer mouse. Below are some examples of GUI

Operating Systems.

? System 7.x

? Windows 98

? Windows CE

Multi-user - A multi-user Operating System allows for multiple users to use the same computer at

the same time and/or different times. Below are some examples of multi-user Operating Systems.

? Linux

? UNIX

? Windows 2000

? VMS

? MVS

Multiprocessing - An Operating System capable of supporting and utilizing more than one

computer processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing Operating Systems.

? Linux

? UNIX

? Windows 2000

Multitasking - An Operating systems that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to be

run at the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking Operating Systems.

? UNIX

? Windows 2000

Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run

concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:

? Linux

? UNIX

? Windows 2000

Networking OS:

? Windows 2000

? Novell Netware

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